UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-Q

 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

OR

For the transition period from                      to                      

Commission file number: 001-35362

 

TRIPADVISOR, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

400 1^st Avenue

Needham, MA 02494

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

 

(781) 800-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,

if changed since last report)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

 

 

 

 

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TripAdvisor, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2015

Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements

 

TRIPADVISOR, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in millions, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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TRIPADVISOR, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in millions)

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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TRIPADVISOR, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except number of shares and per share amounts)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

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TRIPADVISOR, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2015

(in millions, except number of shares)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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TRIPADVISOR, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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TRIPADVISOR, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

NOTE 1: BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

We refer to TripAdvisor, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries as “TripAdvisor,” “the Company,” “us,” “we” and “our” in these notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Description of Business

TripAdvisor is an online travel company, empowering users to plan and book the perfect trip. TripAdvisor’s travel research platform aggregates reviews and opinions of members about destinations, accommodations, activities and attractions, and restaurants throughout the world so that our users have access to trusted advice wherever their trips take them. Our platform not only helps users plan their trips with our unique user-generated content, but also enables users to compare real-time pricing and availability so that they can book hotels, vacation rentals, flights, activities and attractions, and restaurants.

Our flagship brand is TripAdvisor.  TripAdvisor-branded websites include tripadvisor.com in the United States and localized versions of the website in 46 countries worldwide. In addition to the flagship TripAdvisor brand, we manage and operate 23 other media brands, connected by the common goal of providing comprehensive travel planning resources across the travel sector, which include: www.airfarewatchdog.com, www.bookingbuddy.com, www.cruisecritic.com, www.everytrail.com, www.familyvacationcritic.com, www.flipkey.com, www.thefork.com (including www.lafourchette.com, www.eltenedor.com, www.iens.nl, www.besttables.com, and www.dimmi.com.au), www.gateguru.com, www.holidaylettings.co.uk, www.holidaywatchdog.com, www.independenttraveler.com, www.jetsetter.com, www.niumba.com, www.onetime.com, www.oyster.com, www.seatguru.com, www.smartertravel.com, www.tingo.com, www.travelpod.com, www.tripbod.com, www.vacationhomerentals.com, www.viator.com, and www.virtualtourist.com.

We derive the substantial portion of our revenue through the sale of advertising, primarily through click-based advertising and, to a lesser extent, display-based advertising. In addition, we earn revenue from a combination of: subscription-based and transaction-based offerings from our Business Listings products; subscription and commission-based offerings from our Vacation Rentals products; transaction revenue from selling room nights through our Jetsetter and Tingo brands; selling destination activities, primarily through Viator; fulfilling online restaurant reservations, primarily through Lafourchette; as well as other revenue including content licensing.

We have two reportable segments: Hotel and Other. Our Other segment consists of the aggregation of three operating segments: our Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals businesses. Our operating segments are determined based on how our chief operating decision maker manages our business, regularly assesses information and evaluates performance for operating decision-making purposes, including allocation of resources.  The chief operating decision maker for the Company is our Chief Executive Officer.  For further information on our reportable segments see “Note 13 — Segment Information,” in these notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.    

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements present our results of operations, financial position and cash flows on a consolidated basis. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include TripAdvisor, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities we control, or in which we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary of expected cash profits or losses. We have eliminated significant intercompany transactions and accounts.

One of our subsidiaries that operates in China has a variable interest in an affiliated entity in China in order to comply with Chinese laws and regulations, which restrict foreign investment in Internet content provision businesses. Although we do not own the capital stock of this Chinese affiliate, we consolidate its results as we are the primary beneficiary of the cash losses or profits of this variable interest affiliate and have the power to direct the activity of this affiliate. Our variable interest entity is not material for all periods presented.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). We have included all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim period. These adjustments consist of normal recurring items. We prepared the unaudited consolidated financial statements following the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, we have condensed or omitted certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in

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conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, previously filed with the SEC.

Reclassifications

Pursuant to our disclosure in “Note 16— Segment and Geographic Information” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, management revised our reportable segments.  All prior period disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current reporting structure.  These reclassifications had no effect on our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

In addition, refer to our discussion in “Note 2— Significant Accounting Policies” below for a required prior period reclassification resulting from the early adoption of new accounting guidance.

All other reclassifications made to conform the prior period to the current presentation were not material and had no net effect on our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Estimates

We use estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Our estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of our unaudited consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amount of net income or loss during any period. Our actual financial results could differ significantly from these estimates. The significant estimates underlying our unaudited consolidated financial statements include: (i) recoverability of intangible assets and goodwill, (ii) recoverability and useful life of long-lived assets, (iii) accounting for income taxes, (iv) purchase accounting for business combinations and (v) stock-based compensation.

Seasonality

The global travel market is large and traveler expenditures tend to follow a seasonal pattern. As such, expenditures by travel advertisers to market to potential travelers, and, therefore, our financial performance, tend to be seasonal as well. As a result, our third quarter tends to be our seasonal high, as it is a key period for travel research and trip-taking, and our seasonal low generally occurs in the first and/or fourth quarter. Significant shifts in our business mix or adverse economic conditions could influence the typical trend of our seasonality in the future.

 

NOTE 2: SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2015, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of being presented as an asset. Debt disclosures will include the face amount of the debt liability and the effective interest rate.  In August 2015, additional accounting guidance was issued on this topic that clarifies the April 2015 guidance for debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements, which states the FASB would not object to the continued deferral and presentation of debt issuance costs as an asset, which would be subsequently amortized over the term of the arrangement.  This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and the interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015, with early application permitted.  The Company has early adopted this guidance.  The retrospective application of this guidance decreased “Other long-term assets” and “Long-term debt” by $1 million on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. Refer to “Note 8— Debt” below for the current year presentation.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In September 2015, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. Instead, acquirers must recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period in which they determine the amounts, including the effect on earnings of any amounts that would have been recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. This update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new accounting guidance on revenue from contracts with customers.  The new guidance requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the

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transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The updated guidance will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach, which requires the initial cumulative effect to be recognized at the date of initial application.  This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016.  We have not yet selected a transition method and we are currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies since December 31, 2014. For additional information about our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to “Note 2— Significant Accounting Policies”, in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

NOTE 3: ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

Acquisition of Businesses

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we completed three acquisitions for a total purchase price consideration of $28 million. The cash consideration was paid primarily from our international subsidiaries. We acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of the following companies: ZeTrip, a personal journal app that helps users log activities, including places they have visited and photos they have taken, purchased in January 2015; BestTables, a provider of an online and mobile reservations platform for restaurants in Portugal and Brazil, purchased in March 2015; and Dimmi, a provider of an online and mobile reservations platform for restaurants in Australia, purchased in May 2015.  

These business combinations were accounted for as purchases of businesses under the acquisition method.  The fair value of purchase consideration has been allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their respective fair values on the acquisition date, with the remaining amount recorded to goodwill.  Acquired goodwill represents the premium we paid over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. We paid a premium in each of these transactions for a number of reasons, including expected operational synergies, the assembled workforces, and the future development initiatives of the assembled workforces.  The results of each of these acquired businesses have been included in the unaudited consolidated financial statements beginning on the respective acquisition dates. Pro-forma results of operations for all of these acquisitions have not been presented as the financial impact to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, both individually and in aggregate, is not material.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, acquisition-related costs of $1 million were expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses on our unaudited consolidated statement of operations.  

The purchase price allocation of our 2015 acquisitions is preliminary and subject to revision as more information becomes available, but in any case will not be revised beyond twelve months after the acquisition date and any change to the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed will lead to a corresponding change to the purchase price allocable to goodwill on a retroactive basis. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized are income tax-related balances for all 2015 acquisitions.  Acquired goodwill related to our 2015 acquisitions was primarily allocated to our Other segment and is not deductible for tax purposes.

The following table presents the purchase price allocations initially recorded on our unaudited consolidated balance sheet for all 2015 acquisitions (in millions):

 

 

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Sale of Business

In August 2015, we sold 100% interest in one of our Chinese subsidiaries to an unrelated third party for $28 million in cash consideration, which includes $3 million currently held back by the purchaser for certain short-term contingencies.  Accordingly, we deconsolidated $11 million of assets (which included $3 million of cash sold) and $4 million of liabilities from our unaudited consolidated balance sheet and recognized an initial $17 million gain on sale of subsidiary in our unaudited consolidated statement of operations in “Interest income and other, net” during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.

NOTE 4: STOCK BASED AWARDS AND OTHER EQUITY INSTRUMENTS

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents the amount of stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards, primarily stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations during the periods presented:

 

 

Stock-Based Award Activity and Valuation

2015 Stock Option Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we issued 395,613 service-based non-qualified stock options under the Company’s 2011 Stock and Annual Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2011 Plan”). These stock options have a term of ten years from the date of grant and generally vest equitably over a four-year requisite service period.

A summary of the status and activity for stock option awards relating to our common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, is presented below:

 

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Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing stock price of our common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. Our closing stock price as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market as of September 30, 2015 was $63.02. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $128 million and $71 million, respectively.

The fair value of stock option grants under the 2011 Plan has been estimated at the date of grant using the Black–Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for the periods presented:

 

 

 

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $33.24 and $47.03 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total fair value of stock options vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $30 million and $27 million, respectively.

2015 RSU Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we issued 707,608 RSUs under the 2011 Plan for which the fair value was measured based on the quoted price of our common stock on the date of grant. These RSUs generally vest over a four-year requisite service period.

 

The following table presents a summary of our RSU activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

 

Unrecognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense

A summary of our remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, and the weighted average remaining amortization period at September 30, 2015 related to our non-vested stock options and RSU awards is presented below (in millions, except per year information):

 

 

 

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NOTE 5: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following tables show our cash and available-for-sale securities’ amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents or short and long-term marketable securities for the periods presented (in millions):

 

 

 

Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand in global financial institutions, money market funds and marketable securities with maturities of 90 days or less at the date purchased. The remaining maturities of our long-term marketable securities range from one to three years and our short-term marketable securities include maturities that were greater than 90 days at the date purchased and have 12 months or less remaining at September 30, 2015.

We classify our cash equivalents and marketable securities within Level 1 and Level 2 as we value our cash equivalents and marketable securities using quoted market prices (Level 1) or alternative pricing sources (Level 2). The valuation technique we used to measure the fair value of money market funds was derived from quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values for Level 2 investments are considered “Level 2” valuations because they are obtained from independent pricing sources for identical or comparable instruments, rather than direct observations of quoted prices in active markets. Our procedures include controls to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded, including comparing the fair values obtained from our independent pricing services against fair values obtained from another independent source.

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There were no material realized gains or losses related to sales of our marketable securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  We consider any individual investments in an unrealized loss position to be temporary in nature and do not consider any of our investments other-than-temporarily impaired.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Our current forward contracts are not designated as hedges and have current maturities of less than 90 days. Consequently, any gain or loss resulting from the change in fair value was recognized in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  We recorded a net loss of $1 million and a net gain of $1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, related to our settled and outstanding forward contracts in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations in “Interest income and other, net.”  All gains and losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 were not material.

The following table shows the notional principal amount of our outstanding derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments for the periods presented:

Counterparties to currency exchange derivatives consist of major international financial institutions. We monitor our positions and the credit ratings of the counterparties involved and, by policy limits, the amount of credit exposure to any one party. While we may be exposed to potential losses due to the credit risk of non-performance by these counterparties, losses are not anticipated and any credit risk amounts associated with our outstanding or unsettled derivative instruments are deemed to be not material for any period presented.

Other Financial Instruments

Other financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis include trade receivables, trade payables, deferred merchant payables, short-term debt, accrued and other current liabilities and long-term debt. With the exception of long-term debt, the carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments as reported on our unaudited consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The carrying value of the long-term debt from our 2015 Credit Facility bears interest at a variable rate and therefore is also considered to approximate fair value.

We did not have any Level 3 assets or liabilities at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

 

NOTE 6: PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consists of the following for the periods presented:

 

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NOTE 7: GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

The following table summarizes our goodwill activity by segment for the period presented:

 

 

 

Intangible assets, which were acquired in business combinations and recorded at fair value on the date of purchase, consist of the following for the periods presented:

 

The following table presents the components of our intangible assets with definite lives for the periods presented:

 

 

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Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis. The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets with definite lives for each of the next five years, and the expense thereafter, assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, is expected to be as follows (in millions):

 

NOTE 8: DEBT

The Company’s outstanding debt consisted of the following for the periods presented:

2011 Credit Facility

On December 20, 2011, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2011 Credit Facility”), which provided $600 million of borrowing including:

 

 

On June 26, 2015, the entire outstanding principal on our Term Loan in the amount of $290 million was repaid with borrowings from our 2015 Credit Facility (described below) and the 2011 Credit Facility was subsequently terminated. The Company was able to repay the Term Loan debt and terminate the 2011 Credit Facility without premium or penalty. There was no resulting loss on early extinguishment of this debt.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded total interest and commitment fees on our 2011 Credit Facility of $3 million to interest expense on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, we recorded total interest and commitment fees on our 2011 Credit Facility of $1 million and $5 million, respectively, to interest expense on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  

2015 Credit Facility

On June 26, 2015, we entered into a five year credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as London Agent; Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.; Bank of America, N.A.; BNP Paribas; SunTrust Bank; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association; Royal Bank of Canada; Barclays Bank PLC; U.S. Bank National Association; Citibank, N.A.; The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.; Goldman Sachs Bank USA; and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch (the “2015 Credit Facility”).

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The 2015 Credit Facility, among other things, provides for (i) a $1 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, (ii) an interest rate on borrowings and commitment fees based on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio and (iii) uncommitted incremental revolving loan and term loan facilities, subject to compliance with a leverage covenant and other conditions. Any overdue amounts under or in respect of the revolving credit facility not paid when due shall bear interest at (i) in the case of principal, the applicable interest rate plus 2.00% per annum, (ii) in the case of interest denominated in Sterling or Euro, the applicable rate plus 2.00% per annum and (ii) in the case of interest denominated in US Dollars, 2.00% per annum plus the Alternate Base Rate plus the interest rate spread applicable to ABR loans. The Company may borrow from the revolving credit facility in U.S dollars, Euros and British pound sterling with a term of five years expiring June 26, 2020.  

We immediately borrowed $290 million from this revolving credit facility, which was used to repay all outstanding borrowings pursuant to the 2011 Credit Facility and is recorded in long term liabilities on our unaudited balance sheet as of September 30, 2015.  There is no specific repayment date prior to the five-year maturity date for borrowings under this revolving credit facility. Based on the Company’s current leverage ratio, our borrowings bear interest at LIBOR plus 125 basis points, or the Eurocurrency Spread. The Company is currently borrowing under a one-month interest period of 1.50% per annum, using a one-month interest period Eurocurrency Spread, which will reset periodically. Interest will be payable on a monthly basis while the Company is borrowing under the one-month interest rate period.  

We are also required to pay a quarterly commitment fee, on the daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility for each fiscal quarter and fees in connection with the issuance of letters of credit. Unused revolver capacity is currently subject to a commitment fee of 20.0 basis points, given the Company’s current leverage ratio. The 2015 Credit Facility includes $15 million of borrowing capacity available for letters of credit and $40 million for borrowings on same-day notice. As of September 30, 2015, we had issued $2 million of outstanding letters of credit under the 2015 Credit Facility.

During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded total interest and commitment fees on our 2015 Credit Facility of $1 million, respectively, to interest expense on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  All unpaid interest and commitment fee amounts as of September 30, 2015 were not material.

In connection with the 2015 Credit Facility, we incurred lender fees and debt financing costs totaling $3 million, which are recorded as a reduction of the 2015 Credit Facility borrowings and reported in long-term debt on the unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2015. These costs will be amortized over the term of the 2015 Credit Facility using the effective interest rate method and will be recorded to interest expense on our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

We may voluntarily repay any outstanding borrowing under the 2015 Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs with respect to Eurocurrency loans. Certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company have agreed to guarantee the Company’s obligations under the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to: incur additional indebtedness, create liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends and distributions, make investments, loans or advances, prepay certain subordinated indebtedness, make certain acquisitions, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, amend material agreements governing certain subordinated indebtedness, and change our fiscal year. The 2015 Credit Facility also requires us to maintain a maximum leverage ratio and contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including a change of control. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the 2015 Credit Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of all amounts due under 2015 Credit Facility.  As of September 30, 2015, we are in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

The full text of the credit agreement entered into in connection with the 2015 Credit Facility is incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 30, 2015.  

Chinese Credit Facilities

In addition to our borrowings under the 2015 Credit Facility, we maintain our Chinese Credit Facilities. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had short-term borrowings outstanding of $1 million and $38 million, respectively.

Our Chinese subsidiary is entered into a RMB 189,000,000 (approximately $30 million), one-year revolving credit facility with Bank of America (the “Chinese Credit Facility—BOA”) that is currently subject to review on a periodic basis with no specific expiration period.  Our Chinese Credit Facility—BOA currently bears interest at a rate based on 100% of the People’s Bank of China’s base rate, which was 4.60% as of September 30, 2015.  During the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Company made a $22 million repayment of our outstanding borrowings on our Chinese Credit Facilities- BOA.  As of September 30, 2015, we had $1 million of outstanding borrowings from the Chinese Credit Facility—BOA.

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In addition, our Chinese subsidiary is entered into a RMB 125,000,000 (approximately $20 million) one-year revolving credit facility with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank (“Chinese Credit Facility—JPM”). Our Chinese Credit Facility—JPM currently also bears interest at a rate based on 100% of the People’s Bank of China’s base rate, which was 4.60% as of September 30, 2015.  During the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Company made a $19 million repayment of our outstanding borrowings on our Chinese Credit Facilities- JPM.  As of September 30, 2015, there are no outstanding borrowings under our Chinese Credit Facility – JPM.

 

NOTE 9: INCOME TAXES

Each interim period is considered an integral part of the annual period and, accordingly, we measure our income tax expense using an estimated annual effective tax rate. A company is required, at the end of each interim reporting period, to make its best estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year and use that rate to provide for income taxes on a current year-to-date basis, as adjusted for discrete taxable events that occur during the interim period.

Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was 24.5% and 26.4%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was 28.0% and 28.8%, respectively.  For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the effective tax rate is less than the federal statutory rate primarily due to earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States, where our effective tax rate is lower, which was partially offset by state income taxes, non-deductible stock compensation and accruals on uncertain tax positions. The change in the effective tax rate for 2015 compared to the 2014 effective tax rate was primarily due to a change in jurisdictional earnings, including a non-taxable gain related to the sale of one of our Chinese subsidiaries, as well as certain discrete items.

Our policy is to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and income tax liabilities as part of our income tax expense. As of September 30, 2015, accrued interest is $4 million, net of federal benefit, and no penalties have been accrued. We do not anticipate any material releases in the next twelve months.

We are under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for the 2009 and 2010 tax years with respect to consolidated income tax returns previously filed with Expedia, Inc., and we have various ongoing state income tax audits.  We are separately under examination by the IRS for the 2012 and 2013 tax years. These audits include questioning of the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. These examinations may lead to proposed or ordinary course adjustments to our taxes.  We are no longer subject to tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2007.  As of September 30, 2015, no material assessments have resulted. 

During the three months ended June 30, 2015, we received notification of a proposed adjustment from the IRS for the 2009 and 2010 tax years and we anticipate receiving additional notices of proposed adjustments for the same years.  These proposed adjustments are related to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries, and would result in an increase to U.S. taxable income and federal tax expense for 2009 and 2010, subject to interest.  Our policy is to review and update tax reserves as facts and circumstances change. Based on our interpretation of the regulations and available case law, we believe the position we have taken with regard to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries is sustainable.  We intend to defend our position through IRS administrative and, if necessary, by judicial remedies.  As of September 30, 2015, no additional adjustments have been proposed. 

In addition, on July 27, 2015, the U.S. Tax Court in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner issued an opinion with respect to Altera’s litigation with the IRS, concerning the treatment of stock- based compensation expense in an intercompany cost sharing arrangement.  A final decision has yet to be issued by the U.S. Tax Court due to other outstanding issues related to the case.  We concluded that no adjustment to our consolidated financial statements is appropriate at this time, related to our transfer pricing arrangements, due to the uncertainties with respect to the ultimate resolution of this case. We will continue to monitor ongoing developments and the potential impact, if any, to our consolidated financial statements.

 

NOTE 10: ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following for the periods presented:

 

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NOTE 11: OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following for the periods presented:

 

 

 

NOTE 12: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Corporate Headquarters Lease

In June 2013, TripAdvisor LLC (“TA LLC”), our indirect, wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a lease, for a new corporate headquarters (the “Lease”). Pursuant to the Lease, the landlord built an approximately 280,000 square foot rental building in Needham, Massachusetts (the “Premises”), and leased the Premises to TA LLC as our new corporate headquarters for an initial term of 15 years and 7 months or through December 2030. Under the Lease, TA LLC is required to pay an initial base rent of $33.00 per square foot per year, increasing to $34.50 per square foot per year by the final year of the initial term, as well as all real estate taxes and other building operating costs. TA LLC also has an option to extend the term of the Lease for two consecutive terms of five years each.

 

The aggregate future minimum lease payments are $143 million and are currently scheduled to be paid, beginning in November 2015, as follows: $1 million for 2015, $9 million for 2016, $9 million for 2017, $9 million for 2018, $9 million for 2019 and an aggregate of $106 million for 2020 and thereafter. The Lease has escalating rental payments and initial periods of free rent. TA LLC was also obligated to deliver a letter of credit to the Landlord in the amount of $1 million as security deposit, which amount is subject to increase under certain circumstances.

Because we were involved in the construction project, including responsible for paying a portion of the costs of normal finish work and structural elements of the Premises, the Company was deemed for accounting purposes to be the owner of the Premises during the construction period under build to suit lease accounting guidance under GAAP. Therefore, the Company recorded project construction costs incurred by the landlord as a construction-in-progress asset and a related construction financing obligation during the construction period on our consolidated balance sheets.  The amounts that the Company has paid or incurred for normal tenant improvements and structural improvements had also been recorded to the construction-in-progress asset.

Upon completion of construction at end of the second quarter of 2015, we evaluated the construction-in-progress asset and construction financing obligation for de-recognition under the criteria for “sale-leaseback” treatment under GAAP. We concluded that we have forms of continued economic involvement in the facility, and therefore did not meet the provisions for sale-leaseback accounting. This determination was based on the Company's continuing involvement with the property in the form of non-recourse financing to the lessor. Therefore, the Lease has been accounted for as a financing obligation. Accordingly, we will depreciate the building asset over its estimated useful life and incur interest expense related to the financing obligation using the effective interest rate method. We will bifurcate our lease payments pursuant to the Premises into: (i) a portion that is allocated to the building (a reduction to the financing obligation) and; (ii) a portion that is allocated to the land on which the building was constructed.  Although we will not begin making lease payments pursuant to the Lease until November 2015, the portion of the lease obligations allocated to the land has been treated for accounting purposes as an operating lease that commenced in 2013. The financing obligation is considered a long-term finance lease obligation with the current portion recorded to “Accrued expenses and other” on our unaudited consolidated balance sheet.  At the end of the lease term, the carrying value of the building asset and the remaining financing obligation are expected to be equal, at which time we may either surrender the leased asset as settlement of the remaining financing obligation or extend the initial term of the lease for the continued use of the asset.

 

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Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are parties to legal proceedings and claims arising out of our operations.  These matters may involve claims involving alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property rights (including patent infringement), defamation, taxes, regulatory compliance privacy issues and other claims. Rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC require the description of material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary, routine litigation incident to the registrant’s business, and advise that proceedings ordinarily need not be described if they primarily involve damages claims for amounts (exclusive of interest and costs) not individually exceeding 10% of the current assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. In the judgment of management, none of the pending litigation matters that the Company and its subsidiaries are defending involves or is likely to involve amounts of that magnitude. There may be claims or actions pending or threatened against us of which we are currently not aware and the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

There have been no material changes to our commitments and contingencies since December 31, 2014, except as described in “Note 8— Debt” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding our 2011 Credit Facility and 2015 Credit Facility.   Refer to “Note 12— Commitments and Contingencies,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

NOTE 13: SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our reporting structure includes two reportable segments: Hotel and Other.

Hotel

Our Hotel segment includes revenue generated from services related to hotels, including click-based and display-based advertising revenue from making hotel room reservations, airline reservations, and cruise reservations available for price comparison and booking, as well as subscription-based products such as Business Listings, transaction-based products such as Jetsetter and Tingo, and other hotel related revenue. Our chief operating decision maker, or CODM, is also the Hotel segment manager.

Other

Our Other segment consists of the aggregation of three operating segments: our Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals businesses.

Attractions.   We provide, through Viator, information and services for researching and booking destination activities around the world. Viator works with local operators to provide travelers with access to tours and activities in popular destinations worldwide, earning a commission for such service. In addition to its consumer-direct business, Viator also provides local experiences to affiliate partners, including some of the world’s top airlines, hotels and travel agencies.

Restaurants.   This business is comprised of our websites that provide online and mobile reservation services that connect restaurants with diners.  These websites are currently primarily focused on the European market, primarily through Lafourchette.  Lafourchette is an online restaurant booking platform with a network of restaurant partners across Europe.  Lafourchette also offers management software solutions helping restaurants to maximize business by providing a flexible online booking, discount and data tool. Revenue is primarily generated by receiving a fee for each restaurant guest seated through the online reservation systems.

Vacation Rentals. We offer individual property owners and property managers the ability to list their properties available for rental and connect with travelers using a subscription-based fee structure or a free-to-list, commission per booking based option. Our vacation rental inventory currently includes full home rentals, condos, villas, beach rentals, cabins, cottages, and many other accommodation types.  These properties are listed across a number of platforms, including TripAdvisor Vacation Rentals, U.S.-based FlipKey, and European-based Holiday Lettings and Niumba.

Each operating segment in our Other segment has a segment manager who is directly accountable to and maintains regular contact with our CODM to discuss operating activities, financial results, forecasts, and plans for the segment.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus: (1) provision for income taxes; (2) other income (expense), net; (3) depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal use software and website development; (4) amortization of intangible assets; (5) stock-based compensation and other stock-settled obligations; (6) goodwill, long-lived asset and intangible asset impairments; and (7)  other non-recurring expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary metric by which management evaluates the performance of its business and on which internal budgets are based. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating

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Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis. We believe by excluding certain non-cash expenses, such as stock-based compensation, stock-settled obligations, asset impairments, and non-recurring expenses, Adjusted EBITDA corresponds more closely to the cash that operating income generated from our business and allows investors to gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting the ongoing cash earnings capabilities of our business, from which capital investments are made and debt is serviced.

The following tables present our segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. We have recorded depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal-use software and website development, amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, other non-recurring expenses, other expenses, net, and income taxes, which are excluded from segment operating performance, in Corporate and unallocated. In addition, we do not report our assets or capital expenditures by segment as it would not be meaningful. We also do not regularly provide asset, capital expenditure or depreciation information by segment to our CODM. Our consolidated general and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation costs, are shared by all operating segments.  Each operating segment receives an allocated charge based on the segment’s percentage of the Company’s total personnel costs.

 

 

 

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NOTE 14: EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

We compute basic earnings per share (“Basic EPS”) by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. We compute the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period using the total of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding as of the last day of the previous year end reporting period plus the weighted average of any additional shares issued and outstanding less the weighted average of any treasury shares repurchased during the reporting period.

Diluted Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

We compute diluted earnings per share (“Diluted EPS”) by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. We computed the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period using the sum of (i) the number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock used in the basic earnings per share calculation as indicated above, and (ii) if dilutive, the incremental weighted average common stock that we would issue upon the assumed exercise of outstanding common equivalent shares related to stock options and the vesting of restricted stock units using the treasury stock method, and (iii) if dilutive, performance based awards based on the number of shares that would be issuable as of the end of the reporting period assuming the end of the reporting period was also the end of the contingency period.

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Under the treasury stock method, the assumed proceeds calculation includes the actual proceeds to be received from the employee upon exercise, the average unrecognized compensation cost during the period and any tax benefits credited upon exercise to additional paid-in-capital. The treasury stock method assumes that a company uses the proceeds from the exercise of an award to repurchase common stock at the average market price for the period. Windfall tax benefits created upon the exercise of an award would be added to assumed proceeds, while shortfalls charged to additional paid-in-capital would be deducted from assumed proceeds. Any shortfalls not covered by the windfall tax pool would be charged to the income statement and would be excluded from the calculation of assumed proceeds, if any.

Below is a reconciliation of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding in calculating Basic and Diluted EPS (shares in thousands and U.S. dollars in millions, except per share amounts) for the periods presented:

 

 

 

The following potential common shares related to stock options and RSUs were excluded from the calculation of Diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):

 

The earnings per share amounts are the same for common stock and Class B common stock because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.

NOTE 15: RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As of September 30, 2015, Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc. (“LTRIP”) beneficially owned 18,159,752 shares of our common stock and 12,799,999 shares of our Class B common stock, which shares constitute 13.8% of the outstanding shares of common stock and 100% of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock. Assuming the conversion of all of LTRIP’s shares of Class B common stock into common stock, LTRIP would beneficially own 21.5% of the outstanding common stock. Because each share of Class B common stock generally is entitled to ten votes per share and each share of common stock is entitled to one vote per share, LTRIP may be deemed to beneficially own equity securities representing approximately 56.4% of our voting power.

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We had no related party transactions with LTRIP during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

NOTE 16: INTEREST INCOME AND OTHER, NET

The following table presents the detail of interest income and other, net, for the periods presented:

 

 

 

NOTE 17: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 8, 2015, the Company announced the appointment of Ernst Teunissen as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective as of November 9, 2015. In connection with his appointment, on October 6, 2015, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Teunissen, to be effective on November 9, 2015 and expiring on March 31, 2018 (the “Employment Agreement”). The Employment Agreement entered into with Mr. Teunissen was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 8, 2015 and is incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.

On November 4, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved, and the Company entered into, a verbal amendment to the Separation Agreement entered into with Julie M.B. Bradley, the Company’s current Chief Financial Officer.  Previously, the Company and Ms. Bradley entered into a Separation Agreement, dated April 2, 2015 (the “Separation Agreement”), pursuant to which Ms. Bradley agreed to remain with the Company on a full-time basis for a transition period, which would last until the earlier of September 30, 2015 or thirty days following her successor’s start date (the “Transition Period”). In order to provide for an orderly transition of responsibilities to Mr. Teunissen, who will not join the Company until November 9, 2015, Ms. Bradley and the Company have verbally agreed as follows:

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect the views of our management regarding current expectations and projections about future events and are based on currently available information. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The use of words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans” and “believes,” among others, generally identify forward-looking statements; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. We are not under any obligation to, and do not intend to, publicly update or review any of these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, even if experience or future events make it clear that any expected results expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements will not be realized. Please carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, prospects and results of operations.

This Quarterly Report also includes certain metrics which we believe are key to our business, including unique visitors, hotel shoppers, downloads of our mobile apps, and number of reviews and opinions.  As the industry in which we operate continues to evolve, so too might the metrics by which we evaluate our business.  In addition, while these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates, our internal tools have a number of limitations and our methodologies for tracking these metrics may change over time.  Accordingly readers should not place undue reliance on these numbers.  For example, a single person may have multiple accounts or browse the internet on multiple browsers or devices, some users may restrict our ability to accurately identify them across visits, some mobile applications automatically contact our servers for regular updates with no user action, and we are not always able to capture user information on all of our platforms. As such, the calculations of our unique visitors may not accurately reflect the number of people actually visiting our platforms. Also if the internal tools we use to track these metrics under-count or over-count performance or contain algorithm or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate. In addition, historically, certain metrics were calculated by independent third parties.  More recently, we started to calculate metrics using internal tools, which are not independently verified by a third party. We continue to improve upon our tools and methodologies to capture data and believe that our current metrics are more accurate; however, the improvement of our tools and methodologies could cause inconsistency between current data and previously reported data, which could confuse investors or lead to questions about the integrity of our data.

Certain revenue information in this section entitled "— Revenue by Product— Foreign Exchange Impact on Revenue" is presented on a constant currency basis. This information is a non-GAAP financial measure. To calculate revenue on a constant currency basis, we translated revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 using the prior year's quarterly average exchange rates for our settlement currencies other than the U.S. dollar.  This non-GAAP financial measure is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. This measure may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies, limiting its usefulness for comparison purposes. Moreover, presentation of revenue on a constant currency basis is provided for year-over-year comparison purposes, and investors should be cautioned that the effect of changing foreign currency exchange rates has an actual effect on our operating results. We believe this non-GAAP financial measure provides investors with useful supplemental information about the financial performance of our business, enables comparison of financial results between periods where certain items may vary independent of business performance, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in operating our business.

Overview

TripAdvisor, Inc. owns and operates a portfolio of leading online travel brands.  TripAdvisor, our flagship brand, is the world’s largest travel site, and our mission is to help people around the world plan and book the perfect trip.  We accomplish this by, among other things, aggregating millions of travelers’ reviews and opinions about destinations, accommodations, activities and attractions, and restaurants throughout the world so that our users have access to trusted advice wherever their trips take them. Our platform not only helps users plan their trips with our unique user-generated content, but also enables users to compare real-time pricing and availability so that they can book hotels, vacation rentals, flights, activities and attractions, and restaurants.

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Our branded websites include tripadvisor.com in the United States and localized versions of the TripAdvisor website in 46 countries worldwide. Our TripAdvisor-branded websites reached 350 million average monthly unique visitors during the quarter ended September 30, 2015, according to our internal log files.  We currently feature 290 million reviews and opinions on 5.3 million places to stay, places to eat and things to do – including 950,000 hotels and accommodations and 740,000 vacation rentals, 3.0 million restaurants and 590,000 attractions around the world.  In addition to user-generated content, our websites feature price comparison tools and links to partner websites, including travel advertisers, on which users can book their travel arrangements.  Users may now also complete hotel bookings directly with our partners through tripadvisor.com and also through the TripAdvisor mobile application, where coverage is available. In addition to the flagship TripAdvisor brand, we now manage and operate 23 other travel media brands, connected by the common goal of providing users the most comprehensive travel-planning and trip-taking resources in the travel industry.

Executive Summary

Our long-term financial results are principally dependent on our ability to grow click-based advertising revenue, or CPC revenue. We are investing in areas of potential CPC revenue growth, including enabling users to transact directly on our site, international expansion and innovations in the mobile user experience. We are also investing in display-based advertising, Business Listings, Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals. As the largest online travel website, we believe we are an attractive marketing channel for advertisers—including hotel chains, independent hoteliers, online travel agencies, destination marketing organizations, and other travel-related and non-travel related product and service providers— who seek to sell their products and services to our large user base. The key drivers of our click-based and display-based advertising revenue are described below, as well as a summary of our key growth areas, current trends impacting our business and our reporting segments, which currently consists of our Hotel segment and Other segment.  

Key Drivers of Click-Based Advertising Revenue

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, 63% and 66%, respectively, of our total revenue came from our CPC product. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, 70% and 72%, respectively, of our total revenue came from our CPC product.  All of our CPC revenue is included in our Hotel segment.  The key drivers of our CPC revenue include the growth in monthly unique hotel shoppers and revenue per hotel shopper.

Revenue per hotel shopper decreased 10% and 5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and increased 21% and 18% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, according to our internal

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log files.  The decrease in revenue per hotel shopper for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, is primarily due to pricing pressure; which includes the impact from (i) product changes, such as our decision to accelerate the rollout of our instant booking feature to our US and UK markets on all devices in the third quarter of 2015, (ii) the prolonged weakness of the Euro, which decreased our CPCs, and (iii) a growing number of hotel shoppers visiting our websites on mobile devices.     

Key Drivers of Display-Based Advertising Revenue

For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, 10% of our total revenue came from our display-based advertising products.  For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, 10% and 11%, respectively, of our total revenue came from our display-based advertising products.  Substantially all of our display-based advertising revenue is included in our Hotel segment.  The key drivers of our display-based advertising revenue include the growth in number of impressions sold, or the number of times an ad is displayed on our site, and the revenue we receive for such impressions, measured in cost per thousand impressions (“CPM”). According to our internal log files, the number of impressions sold increased 22% and 14% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and increased 30% and 23% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, while pricing increased 3% and 2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and decreased 14% and 4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.

Key Growth Areas

We continue to invest in areas of potential growth, including our content and community, product innovation, and international expansion.

Content & Community.  TripAdvisor is a website on which travelers can research content and share their travel experiences with the rest of the world. Establishing and nurturing a sense of community among users is a key priority and a competitive advantage for TripAdvisor. As a result, we continue to look for ways to make it easier for users to plan, compare and book their perfect trip on TripAdvisor as well as to share their experiences.

Mobile.  Innovating and improving our mobile products is a key priority.  As of September 30, 2015, we reached 230 million downloads of our mobile apps and average monthly unique visitors via smartphone and tablet devices grew over 31% year-over-year, according to our internal log files. We anticipate that the rate of growth in mobile visitors will continue to exceed the growth rate of our overall unique monthly visitors, and that an increasing proportion of users will use mobile devices to access the full range of services available on our sites. We are investing significant resources to improve the features, functionality and commercialization of our mobile websites and applications.

Business Listings. Our Business Listings product enables hotel and accommodation owners to buy placements listing pertinent information for their property on TripAdvisor, bringing them closer to potential customers and increasing awareness, engagement, and potentially, direct bookings. In the year ended December 31, 2014, we grew our Business Listings customer base 18% to 81,000 subscribers. We continue to focus on building our sales force and improving our product features to grow our subscriber base.

Attractions & Restaurants. A significant percentage of our annual unique users are not hotel shoppers and visit TripAdvisor sites without navigating to pages that contain a listing of hotels in a city or a specific hotel’s page. TripAdvisor has information and user-generated content on 3.0 million restaurants and 590,000 attractions around the world. We believe TripAdvisor has a unique opportunity to monetize its community of these non-hotel shoppers looking for places to eat and things to do. With the acquisitions of Lafourchette and similar businesses for online restaurant reservations, and Viator for online bookable tours and attractions, we are attempting to match more users with more businesses.

Vacation Rentals. We offer individual property owners and property managers the ability to list using a free-to-list, commission-based structure or a subscription-based fee option.  In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, Vacation Rental property listings grew 15% to 740,000 properties, driven primarily by strong listings growth in our free-to-list model.  We believe our highly-engaged and motivated user community creates a competitive advantage for us in this market.

Current Trends Affecting Our Business

There are a number of trends that affect our business.  The following are examples of some of the current trends affecting our business:  

Increasing Competition. The travel review industry and, more generally, the business of collecting and aggregating travel-related resources and information, continue to be increasingly competitive. In recent years, an increasing number of companies, such as search companies Google, Inc. and Baidu.com, Inc. and large online travel agencies, or OTAs, have begun to collect and aggregate

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travel information and resources. We plan to continue to invest in order to remain the leading source of travel reviews as well as continue to enhance our user experience. In addition, we face strong competition in our Other segment: Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals. Refer to Item 1. “Business - Competition” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 for additional information on our competition.

Increasing Use of Devices Other than Desktop Computers. To access the internet, users are increasingly using devices other than desktop computers, including mobile phone devices and handheld computers such as notebooks and tablets. To address these growing user demands, we continue to extend our platform to develop mobile phone and tablet applications to deliver travel information and resources. Although the substantial majority of our mobile phone users also access and engage with our websites on personal computers and tablets where we display advertising, our users could decide to access our products primarily through mobile phone devices. We do display graphic advertising on mobile phone devices; however, our mobile phone monetization strategies are still developing, as mobile phone monetization is significantly less than desktop and tablet monetization. Mobile phone growth and development remains a key strategy and we will continue to invest and innovate in this growing platform to help us maintain and grow our user base, engagement and monetization over the long term.    

Continued Reliance on Click-Based Advertising Revenue. In recent years, the majority of our revenue growth resulted from higher click-based advertising revenue due to increased traffic on our websites and an increase in the volume of clicks on our advertisers’ placements. Although click-based advertising revenue growth has generally been driven by traffic volume, we remain focused on the various other factors that could impact revenue growth, including, but not limited to, the growth in hotel shoppers, CPC pricing fluctuations, the overall economy, the ability of advertisers to monetize our traffic, the quality and mix of traffic to our websites, and the quality and mix of traffic from our advertising placements to advertisers, as well as advertisers’ evolving approach to transaction attribution models and return on investment targets. We monitor and regularly respond to changes in these factors in order to strategically improve our user experience, customer satisfaction and monetization in this dynamic environment.

Accelerated Rollout of Instant Booking. Revenue from our instant booking feature is included in click-based advertising revenue. Instant booking is a feature that enables users to book a hotel reservation directly with a hotel or online travel agency partner while remaining on the TripAdvisor website. We have been gradually rolling this feature out in the U.S. since June 2014, primarily on mobile. However, during the third quarter of 2015, we accelerated the rollout of instant booking for hotels across our U.S. and U.K. platforms to all users on all devices.  Currently our instant booking feature is monetizing at a lower revenue per hotel shopper rate compared to our metasearch feature. While we expect to close this monetization gap, primarily by continuing to streamline our booking path to enhance user experience, persistently promoting the TripAdvisor brand as the place to “plan, compare and book” and continuing to seek partners with strong branding and supply channels, there is no guarantee that these initiatives will ultimately be successful and, if not, our click-based advertising revenue may be materially adversely affected.

Increasing Use of Internet and Social Media to Access Travel Information. Commerce, information and advertising continue to migrate to the Internet and away from traditional media outlets. We believe this trend will continue to create strategic growth opportunities, allowing us to attract new consumers and develop unique and effective advertising solutions. Consumers are increasingly using online social media channels, such as Facebook and Twitter, as a means to communicate and exchange information, including travel information and opinions. Over the years, we have made significant progress using social networking to leverage the expanding use of these channels and enhance traffic diversification and user engagement. We will continue to adapt our user experience in response to a changing Internet environment and usage trends.

Risks Associated with Consumer Data Collection. Increasingly, more of our revenue is derived from making online bookings available for, among other things, hotel rooms, vacation rentals and destination activities.  During the course of making these arrangements, we collect, use, transmit and store personal information and other consumer data.  The protection of this data is critically important to us.  An increasing number of websites, including the website operated by our subsidiary Viator, have reported compromises of their systems and the data stored within those systems. We rely on strong encryption, authentication and network perimeter security to effectively secure confidential information; however, despite our security measures, our brands’ information technologies and infrastructures may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks or security incidents due to system configurations, employee error, malfeasance or other vulnerabilities.   Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in the breach or compromise of the technology used by us to protect transaction data.  In the future, we expect to expend additional resources to enhance our security measures, protect against security breaches and/or to address problems caused by breaches. To the extent we collect more consumer data, the challenges we face will become more difficult and the measures we must take to protect against them will become more costly.  

Segments

Our reporting structure includes two reportable segments: Hotel and Other. Our Other segment consists of the aggregation of three operating segments: our Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals businesses.  The segments are determined based on how our chief operating decision maker manages our business, regularly assesses information and evaluates performance for operating

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decision-making purposes, including allocation of resources.  The chief operating decision maker for the Company is our Chief Executive Officer.

For further description of our segments see Item 1 “Business”, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and “Note 13— Segment Information” and “Reclassifications” in “Note 1— Business Description and Basis of Presentation” in the notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Employees

As of September 30, 2015, we had approximately 3,000 employees. Of these employees, approximately 50% were based in the United States. We believe we have good relationships with our employees, including relationships with employees represented by international works councils or other similar organizations.  

Seasonality

The global travel market is large and traveler expenditures tend to follow a seasonal pattern. As such, expenditures by travel advertisers to market to potential travelers, and, therefore, our financial performance, tend to be seasonal as well. As a result, our third quarter tends to be our seasonal high, as it is a key period for travel research and trip-taking and our seasonal low generally occurs in the first and/or fourth quarter. Significant shifts in our business mix or adverse economic conditions could influence the typical trend of our seasonality in the future.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we believe are important in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements because they require that management use judgment and estimates in applying those policies. We prepare our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in accordance with GAAP. Preparation of the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as revenue and expenses during the periods reported. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, when applicable and other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There are certain critical estimates that we believe require significant judgment in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if:

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, see “Note 2— Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We are an “issuer” (as defined in Section 2(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), and, as such, are required to comply with all new and revised accounting standards applicable to public companies.

 

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Results of Operations

Selected Financial Data

(in millions, except per share amounts)

 

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Adjusted EBITDA

To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we also disclose Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. We have provided a reconciliation below of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. A “non-GAAP financial measure” refers to a numerical measure of a company’s historical or future financial performance, financial position, or cash flows that excludes (or includes) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in such company’s financial statements.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus: (1) provision for income taxes; (2) other income (expense), net; (3) depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal use software and website development; (4) amortization of intangible assets; (5) stock-based compensation and other stock-settled obligations; (6) goodwill, long-lived asset and intangible asset impairments; and (7) other non-recurring expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary metric by which management evaluates the performance of its business and on which internal budgets are based. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis. We believe by excluding certain non-cash expenses, such as stock-based compensation, stock-settled obligations, asset impairments, and non-recurring expenses, Adjusted EBITDA corresponds more closely to the cash that operating income generated from our business and allows investors to gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting the ongoing cash earnings capabilities of our business, from which capital investments are made and debt is serviced.

Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results reported in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results.

Refer to “Note 13— Segment Information” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, for the periods presented above.

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Revenue and Segments

Revenue by Product

We derive the substantial portion of our revenue through the sale of advertising, primarily through click-based advertising and, to a lesser extent, display-based advertising. In addition, we earn revenue from a combination of: subscription-based and transaction-based offerings from our Business Listings products; subscription and commission-based offerings from our Vacation Rentals products; room reservations sold through our Jetsetter and Tingo brands; destination activities primarily sold through Viator; and online restaurant reservations booked primarily through Lafourchette. We also derive revenue from content licensing.

 

Revenue increased $61 million and $225 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to an increase in click-based advertising revenue of $14 million and $86 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. The primary driver of the increase in click-based advertising revenue was an increase in hotel shoppers of 16% and 18% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in revenue per hotel shopper of 10% and 5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.   Display-based advertising increased by $7 million and $14 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, primarily as a result of a 22% and 14% increase in the number of impressions sold and an increase in pricing of 3% and 2%, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014. Subscription, transaction and other revenue increased by $40 million and $125 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, primarily due to growth in our Attractions, Restaurants, Business Listings, and Vacation Rentals businesses, which includes incremental revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 of $29 million and $82 million, respectively, primarily related to our 2014 acquisitions of Lafourchette and Viator.

Foreign Exchange Impact on Revenue

The general strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to certain foreign currencies (primarily the Euro) from the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2014 to the same periods in 2015 had an unfavorable impact on our revenue. If we had translated revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2015 using the prior year's quarterly average exchange rates for our settlement currencies other than the U.S. dollar, we estimate our total revenue and click-based advertising revenue would have been $442 million and $282 million, respectively, or $27 million and $21 million higher, respectively, than our actual revenue as reported, of $415 million and $261 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2015.  If we had translated revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 using the prior year's quarter to date average exchange rates for our settlement currencies other than the U.S. dollar, we estimate our total revenue and click-based advertising revenue would have been $1,263 million and $836 million, respectively, or $80 million and $61 million higher, respectively, than our actual revenue as reported, of $1,183 million and $775 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

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Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA by Segment

 

 

 

Hotel

Our Hotel segment revenue increased $25 million and $119 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to an increase in click-based advertising revenue of $14 million and $86 million and an increase in display-based advertising of $7 million and $14 million, respectively. Subscription, transaction and other revenue increased by $4 million and $19 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to growth in Business Listings.

Adjusted EBITDA in our Hotel segment increased $3 million and increased $5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to an increase in revenue, partially offset, primarily by increased personnel and overhead costs, search engine marketing, or SEM costs, and other online traffic acquisition costs, and TV advertising.

Other

Our Other segment revenue increased $36 million and $106 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014. This was driven by growth in our Attractions and Restaurant businesses, as well as Vacation Rentals, primarily due to our free-to-list commission-based booking model, and $29 million and $82 million in incremental revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, primarily related to our 2014 acquisitions of Lafourchette and Viator.   

Adjusted EBITDA in our Other segment increased $8 million and $4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to an increase in revenue, partially offset, primarily

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by significant investments to fund growth initiatives as our Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals businesses are all at earlier stages of their growth and business life cycle.  

Revenue by Geography

The following table presents our revenue by geographic region, which reflects how we view our geographic revenue internally. Revenue by geography is based on the geographic location of our websites.

 

International revenue increased $17 million or 9%, and $97 million, or 19%, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2014. International revenue represented 49% and 51% of total revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and represented 53% of total revenue during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Although international revenue increased as international hotel shoppers continue to grow, our international revenue growth rate and percentage of total revenue declined during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, primarily due to the prolonged weakness of the Euro.

Consolidated Expenses

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of expenses that are directly related or closely correlated to revenue generation, including direct costs, such as ad serving fees, flight search fees, transaction fees and data center costs.  In addition, cost of revenue includes personnel and overhead expenses, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and bonuses for certain customer support personnel who are directly involved in revenue generation.

 

Cost of revenue increased $5 million and $18 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to increased merchant credit card and transaction fees, driven by additional transaction costs from our 2014 business acquisitions in Attractions and Restaurants and growth in our Vacation Rental free-to-list business; personnel costs from increased headcount to support business growth and customer support; and incremental personnel costs related to our 2014 business acquisitions in Attractions and Restaurants.  Our Attractions and Restaurants businesses contributed an

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incremental $4 million and $13 million to our cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, of which an incremental $1 million and $5 million, respectively, was related to personnel and overhead.  

Selling and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of direct costs, including SEM and other online traffic acquisition costs, syndication costs and affiliate program commissions, brand advertising, television and other offline advertising, and public relations. In addition, our indirect sales and marketing expense consists of personnel and overhead expenses, including salaries, commissions, benefits, stock-based compensation and bonuses for sales, sales support, customer support and marketing employees.

 

Direct selling and marketing costs increased $35 million and $143 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to increased SEM costs and other online traffic acquisition costs, increased costs related to our television campaign, and incremental costs related to our 2014 business acquisitions in Attractions and Restaurants.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we spent $21 million and $50 million, respectively, on our television advertising campaign which was initially launched in May 2014. Personnel and overhead costs increased $3 million and $16 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to incremental personnel costs related to our 2014 business acquisitions in Attractions and Restaurants.  Our Attractions and Restaurants businesses contributed an incremental $15 million and $57 million to our selling and marketing expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, of which an incremental $4 million and $16 million, respectively, was related to personnel and overhead.  

Technology and Content

Technology and content expenses consist of personnel and overhead expenses, including salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation and bonuses for salaried employees and contractors engaged in the design, development, testing, content support, and maintenance of our websites and mobile apps. Other costs include licensing, maintenance expense, computer supplies, and technology hardware.

 

Technology and content costs increased $8 million and $27 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to increased personnel costs from increased headcount to support business growth, including international expansion and enhanced site features, as well as incremental personnel costs related to our 2014 business acquisitions in Attractions and Restaurants.  Our Attractions and Restaurants businesses contributed an incremental $4 million and $13 million to our technology and content expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, of which an incremental $2 million and $8 million, respectively, was related to personnel and overhead.  

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel and related overhead costs, for personnel engaged in executive leadership, finance, legal, and human resources and stock-based compensation, as well as professional service fees and other fees including audit, legal, tax and accounting, and other costs, including bad debt expense and our charitable foundation costs.

 

General and administrative costs increased $1 million and $20 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to personnel costs and overhead costs related to an increase in headcount to support our business operations, as well as incremental personnel costs related to our 2014 business acquisitions in Attractions and Restaurants.  Our Attractions and Restaurants businesses contributed an incremental $2 million and $11 million to our general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, of which an incremental $2 million and $7 million, respectively, was related to personnel and overhead.  

Depreciation

Depreciation expense consists of depreciation on computer equipment, leasehold improvements, furniture, office equipment and other assets, buildings and amortization of capitalized software and website development costs.  

Depreciation expense increased $1 million and $9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014 primarily due to increased amortization related to capitalized software and website development costs.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization consists of the amortization of purchased definite-lived intangibles.

Amortization of intangible assets increased $4 million and $15 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to incremental amortization of purchased definite lived intangibles primarily related to our 2014 business acquisitions. Refer to “Note 3— Acquisitions” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 for additional information on our 2014 acquisitions.  

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Interest Expense

Interest expense primarily consists of interest incurred, commitment fees and debt issuance cost amortization related to our 2011 Credit Facility, 2015 Credit Facility, and Chinese Credit Facilities, as well as interest on our financing obligation related to our corporate headquarters.

 

Interest expense did not materially change during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2014.  Refer to “Note 8— Debt” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our 2011 Credit Facility, 2015 Credit Facility, and Chinese Credit Facilities.

Interest Income and Other, Net

Interest income and other, net primarily consists of interest earned and amortization of discounts and premiums on our marketable securities, net foreign exchange gains and losses, and gains and losses on sales of our marketable securities and sale of businesses.

 

Interest income and other, net increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and a $17 million gain from the sale of one of our Chinese subsidiaries in the third quarter of 2015.  Refer to “Note 3— Acquisitions and Dispositions” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on the sale of this business.

Provision for Income Taxes

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the effective tax rate is less than the federal statutory tax rate primarily due to earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States, where our effective tax rate is lower, which was partially offset by state income taxes, non-deductible stock-based compensation and accruals on uncertain tax positions.

Our effective tax rate decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to a change in jurisdictional earnings, including a non-taxable gain related to the sale of one of our Chinese subsidiaries in the third quarter of 2015, as well as certain discrete items.  

Related Party Transactions

For information on our relationship with Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc., refer to “Note 15— Related Party Transactions” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Stock-Based Compensation

Refer to “Note 4— Stock Based Awards and Other Equity Instruments” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on current year equity award activity, including the issuance

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of 395,613 service-based stock options with a weighted average grant-date fair value per option of $33.24 and 707,608 service-based RSUs with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $84.00 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following section explains how we have generated and used our cash historically, describes our current capital resources and discusses our future financial commitments.

2015 Credit Facility

On June 26, 2015, we entered into a five year credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as London Agent; Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.; Bank of America, N.A.; BNP Paribas; SunTrust Bank; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association; Royal Bank of Canada; Barclays Bank PLC; U.S. Bank National Association; Citibank, N.A.; The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.; Goldman Sachs Bank USA; and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch (the “2015 Credit Facility”).

The 2015 Credit Facility, among other things, provides for (i) a $1 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, (ii) an interest rate on borrowings and commitment fees based on the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio and (iii) uncommitted incremental revolving loan and term loan facilities, subject to compliance with a leverage covenant and other conditions.

We immediately borrowed $290 million from this revolving credit facility, which was used to repay all outstanding borrowings pursuant to the 2011 Credit Facility and is recorded in long term liabilities on our unaudited balance sheet as of September 30, 2015.  There is no specific repayment date prior to the five-year maturity date for borrowings under this revolving credit facility, however, the Company may determine to make payments on this debt, based on current interest rates and liquidity requirements, at various times during the five-year period.  Based on the Company’s current leverage ratio, our borrowings bear interest at LIBOR plus 125 basis points, or the Eurocurrency Spread. The Company is currently borrowing under a one-month interest period of approximately 1.50% per annum, using a one-month interest period Eurocurrency Spread, which will reset periodically. Interest will be payable on a monthly basis while the Company is borrowing under the one-month interest rate period.  

We are also required to pay a quarterly commitment fee, on the daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility for each fiscal quarter and fees in connection with the issuance of letters of credit. Unused revolver capacity is currently subject to a commitment fee of 20.0 basis points, given the Company’s current leverage ratio. The 2015 Credit Facility includes $15 million of borrowing capacity available for letters of credit and $40 million for borrowings on same-day notice. As of September 30, 2015, we had issued $2 million of outstanding letters of credit under the 2015 Credit Facility.

We may voluntarily repay any outstanding borrowing under the 2015 Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs with respect to Eurocurrency loans. Certain wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company have agreed to guarantee the Company’s obligations under the 2015 Credit Facility.

The 2015 Credit Facility contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to: incur additional indebtedness, create liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends and distributions, make investments, loans or advances, prepay certain subordinated indebtedness, make certain acquisitions, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, amend material agreements governing certain subordinated indebtedness, and change our fiscal year. The 2015 Credit Facility also requires us to maintain a maximum leverage ratio and contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including a change of control. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the 2015 Credit Facility will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of all amounts due under 2015 Credit Facility.  As of September 30, 2015, we are in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

The full text of the credit agreement entered into in connection with the 2015 Credit Facility is incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 30, 2015.  

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Sources and Uses of Cash

Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized in the following table:

 

 

Our principal source of liquidity is cash flows generated from operations, although liquidity needs can also be met through drawdowns under our credit facilities discussed in “Note 8 – Debt” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $730 million and $594 million, respectively, of cash, cash equivalents and short and long-term available-for-sale marketable securities. As of September 30, 2015, approximately $503 million of our cash, cash equivalents and short and long-term marketable securities are held by our international subsidiaries, primarily in the United Kingdom, and are related to earnings we intend to reinvest permanently outside the United States. Cumulative undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that we intend to indefinitely reinvest outside of the United States totaled approximately $748 million as of September 30, 2015. Should we distribute, or be treated under certain U.S. tax rules as having distributed, the earnings of foreign subsidiaries in the form of dividends or otherwise, we may be subject to U.S. income taxes. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on this temporary difference is not practicable because of the complexities of the hypothetical calculation. Cash held is primarily denominated in U.S. dollars.

As of September 30, 2015, we had $708 million of borrowing capacity available under our 2015 Credit Facility. In addition, we had approximately $49 million of available borrowing capacity under our Chinese Credit Facilities, which currently bear interest at a rate based on 100% of the People’s Bank of China’s base rate, or 4.60% as of September 30, 2015.

Historically, the cash we generate from operations has been sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and to meet our long term debt obligations and other financial commitments. Management believes that our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities, combined with expected cash flows generated by operating activities and available cash from our credit facilities, will be sufficient to fund our ongoing working capital requirements, capital expenditures and business growth initiatives; meet our long term debt obligations and other financial commitments; and fund our new corporate lease obligations, share repurchases and any potential acquisitions for at least the next twelve months. However, if during that period or thereafter, we are not successful in generating sufficient cash flow from operations or in raising additional capital, including refinancing or incurring additional debt, when required in sufficient amounts and on terms acceptable to us, we may be required to reduce our planned capital expenditures and scale back the scope of our business growth initiatives, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our future financial condition or results of operations.

Operating Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $19 million or 6% when compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to an decrease in working capital movements of $30 million mainly due to a decrease of $69 million related to the timing of customer receipts, income tax payments and vendor payments, partially offset by an increase in operating cash flow from deferred merchant payables of $39 million, due to the timing of merchant payments and growth in our Vacation Rental and Attraction businesses, and an increase in net income and non-cash items.  

Investing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash used in investing activities decreased by $19 million when compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to a net decrease in cash paid for business acquisitions of $255 million and net proceeds from the sale of one of our Chinese subsidiaries of $22 million in 2015, partially offset by a net increase in cash used for the purchases, sales and maturities of our marketable securities of $220 million, and an increase in capital expenditures of $38 million, primarily driven by expenditures on our corporate headquarters.  

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Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash used in financing activities increased by $26 million when compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to the repayment of our Term Loan of $300 million in 2015, or an incremental outflow of $270 million,  incremental repayments of our outstanding borrowings related to our Chinese Credit Facilities of $38 million, and an increase in tax withholdings payments of $34 million primarily related to the exercise of expiring stock options, partially offset by net borrowings on our 2015 Credit Facility of $287 million, incremental excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation recorded by the Company of $12 million, and receipts of $12 million in lease incentive payments related to our corporate headquarters building.

Contractual Obligations, Commercial Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There have been no material changes outside the normal course of business to our contractual obligations and commercial commitments since December 31, 2014, except as described in  “Note 8— Debt” in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q  regarding our 2011 Credit Facility and 2015 Credit Facility.   Refer to “Note 12— Commitments and Contingencies,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

As of September 30, 2015, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K of the SEC, that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are parties to legal proceedings and claims involving alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, defamation, and other claims. Rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC require the description of material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary, routine litigation incident to the registrant’s business, and advise that proceedings ordinarily need not be described if they primarily involve damages claims for amounts (exclusive of interest and costs) not individually exceeding 10% of the current assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. In the judgment of management, none of the pending litigation matters that the Company and its subsidiaries are defending involves or is likely to involve amounts of that magnitude. There may be claims or actions pending or threatened against us of which we are currently not aware and the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to certain market risks, including changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates that could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through established policies and procedures and by assessing the anticipated near-term and long-term fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Our objective is to mitigate potential income statement, cash flow and market exposures from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

There has been no material change in our market risk profile during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  For additional information, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A. in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of September 30, 2015, our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are parties to legal proceedings and claims arising out of our operations.  These matters may involve claims involving alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property rights (including patent infringement), defamation, taxes, regulatory compliance privacy issues and other claims. Rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC require the description of material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary, routine litigation incident to the registrant’s business, and advise that proceedings ordinarily need not be described if they primarily involve damages claims for amounts (exclusive of interest and costs) not individually exceeding 10% of the current assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. In the judgment of management, none of the pending litigation matters that TripAdvisor and our subsidiaries are defending involves or is likely to involve amounts of that magnitude. There may be claims or actions pending or threatened against us of which we are currently not aware and the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. During the quarter ended September 30, 2015, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A., “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the quarter ended September 30, 2015, we did not issue or sell any shares of our common stock, Class B common stock or other equity securities pursuant to unregistered transactions in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Share Repurchases

On February 15, 2013, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $250 million of our shares of common stock under a share repurchase program. We intend to use available cash and future cash from operations to fund repurchases under the share repurchase program. The repurchase program has no expiration date but may be suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. Our Board of Directors will determine the price, timing, amount and method of such repurchases based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors, and any shares repurchased will be in compliance with applicable legal requirements, at prices determined to be attractive and in the best interests of both the Company and its stockholders.  

We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2015.

As of September 30, 2015, we have $105 million remaining to repurchase shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program.  

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information

On November 4, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved, and the Company entered into, a verbal amendment to the Separation Agreement entered into with Julie M.B. Bradley, the Company’s current Chief Financial Officer.  Previously, the Company and Ms. Bradley entered into a Separation Agreement, dated April 2, 2015 (the “Separation Agreement”), pursuant to which Ms. Bradley agreed to remain with the Company on a full-time basis for a transition period, which would last until the earlier of September 30, 2015 or thirty days following her successor’s start date (the “Transition Period”). In order to provide for an orderly transition of responsibilities to Mr. Teunissen, who will not join the Company until November 9, 2015, Ms. Bradley and the Company have verbally agreed as follows:

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

 

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

 

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

November 5, 2015

 

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Exhibit 31.1

Certification

 

 

Exhibit 31.2

Certification

I, Julie M.B. Bradley, Chief Financial Officer of TripAdvisor, Inc. certify that:

 

 

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of TripAdvisor, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Stephen Kaufer, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

 

 

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of TripAdvisor, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Julie M.B. Bradley, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that: